Editorial
The question of creating new provinces within a federation is both sensitive and complex. Should provinces be drawn along lines of identity—ethnic, linguistic, religious, and cultural—or should they be created purely for administrative convenience? This question goes to the heart of how a federation balances national cohesion with diversity, and how it ensures effective governance while preserving cultural heritage.
Proponents of administrative provinces argue that smaller units enhance service delivery, ensure better management, and bring governance closer to the people. Yet, this overlooks a critical reality: administrative, financial, and political powers are inherently the domain of local governments. When local governments are empowered, they provide the most direct, responsive, and accountable system of governance. The absence of strong municipal systems is what creates the demand for new provinces on administrative grounds. Instead of multiplying provinces, Pakistan needs robust local governments with clear jurisdictions, adequate resources, and institutional autonomy.
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On the other hand, provinces in a federation embody more than just governance—they represent identity and recognition. Across the world, federations have accommodated cultural, linguistic, and ethnic identities within their constitutional structures. This recognition not only preserves diversity but also strengthens unity by ensuring that groups feel included within the state. If new provinces are to be created, they must be based on cultural preservation and identity rather than temporary administrative convenience. Administrative demands are best handled by empowered local governments, while provinces must reflect deeper historical, cultural, and societal realities.
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The way forward is clear. Pakistan must invest in building strong local governments that can deliver essential services and devolve power to the grassroots. Only where genuine cultural or historical identities require representation should the federation consider creating new provinces. Anything less risks fragmenting governance without addressing the real issues. True federalism thrives not on multiplying administrative divisions, but on respecting identities while ensuring that local governments remain the true custodians of democratic service delivery.
