Arshad Mahmood Awan
Fishing, a vital source of food, is not just a global industry but a personal connection for many. It sustains livelihoods, supports trade, and contributes to economic well-being. For millions, fish and other aquatic resources are rich in essential nutrients, making them an important part of a healthy diet.
Moreover, fishing activities support the livelihoods of countless individuals, particularly in coastal communities and developing countries, where fishing serves as the primary source of income for many families. The fishing industry also facilitates trade and economic growth, creating employment opportunities and generating revenue through the export of fish and fishery products.
Additionally, fishing and related activities contribute to the cultural heritage of many communities, shaping traditions and local identities. Overall, the importance of fishing for human life is multifaceted, encompassing not only sustenance and economic value but also cultural significance and social well-being.
The pervasive practice of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a pressing global issue that spans various types of fisheries and geographical areas, including international waters and national jurisdictions. IUU fishing, which encompasses all stages of fish capture and utilization and is often associated with organized crime, poses a significant threat to the conservation and management of fish stocks. It hampers progress towards the long-term goals of sustainability and responsible use of marine resources, underscoring the need for immediate and collective action.
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022 provides a comprehensive review of the global status of fisheries and aquaculture. This report emphasizes the pillars of Blue Transformation, which include intensifying and expanding aquaculture, improving fisheries management, and innovating fisheries and aquaculture value chains. Blue Transformation underscores the need for proactive and decisive actions to be initiated or accelerated in the coming years to fulfil the objectives of the Declaration and to support the 2030 Agenda.
The impact of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is not just a local issue, but a global crisis. It leads to the depletion of fish stocks, disrupts marine ecosystems, and undermines food security. Despite the vital role of fisheries, IUU fishing poses a serious threat to the sustainability of marine resources and the overall well-being of the global community.
According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), IUU fishing leads to the annual loss of 11–26 million tonnes of fish, with an estimated economic value of US$10–23 billion. This poses a direct challenge to Goal 14 of the Sustainable Development Agenda, which aims to effectively regulate harvesting, end overfishing, and combat IUU and destructive fishing practices by 2020.
To tackle this pressing issue, it’s crucial to raise awareness about the negative impacts of IUU fishing. The FAO has been at the forefront of this battle, actively promoting long-term conservation and sustainable use of fisheries resources through the adoption of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries in 1995. This voluntary framework sets international standards of behaviour to ensure the effective conservation and management of aquatic resources, providing reassurance about the ongoing efforts to combat IUU fishing.
In addition, the Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing, adopted by the FAO Conference in 2009, sets forth binding minimum port State measures to combat IUU fishing. It entered into force on 5 June 2016, marking a significant milestone in the global effort to address IUU fishing. Since its implementation, there have been notable successes, including increased inspections of fishing vessels and the denial of port access to vessels engaged in IUU fishing. These achievements demonstrate the power of collective action in combating this issue and inspire hope for a more sustainable future.
It’s important to recognize that the impact of IUU fishing is not limited to a global scale, but it also affects individual consumers. Many may unknowingly support unsustainable practices by consuming fish obtained through illegal means. By raising awareness and advocating for responsible consumer choices, individuals can play a significant role in combating IUU fishing and promoting sustainable fishing practices. This empowers them to make a tangible difference in the fight against IUU fishing.
The designation of 5 June as the International Day for the Fight Against Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing holds historical significance, as it marks the entry into force of the Port State Measures Agreement. This initiative, endorsed by the FAO Committee on Fisheries and later proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in 2017, underscores the global commitment to combat IUU fishing and promote sustainable fisheries management.
Therefore, addressing IUU fishing requires a collective effort involving international organizations, governments, industry stakeholders, and consumers. International organizations, such as the FAO, play a key role in setting standards and coordinating global efforts. Governments are responsible for enforcing regulations and implementing measures to combat IUU fishing. Industry stakeholders, including fishing companies and retailers, can contribute by adopting sustainable practices and promoting responsible sourcing. By working together to raise awareness, implement regulations, and make informed choices, we can contribute to the preservation of marine resources and the long-term sustainability of fisheries.
