Farrukh Janjua
Despite recent signs of economic stabilization, marked by a substantial $7 billion bailout from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), many individuals in Pakistan—particularly those equipped with education and skills—are struggling to not only thrive but also to make ends meet. The notion of emigrating is no longer merely a dream for better prospects; it has morphed into a necessary strategy for survival, affecting both impoverished and middle-class citizens. The pervasive issue of brain drain is intensifying to unprecedented levels. Government data reveals that approximately one million skilled professionals have departed Pakistan over the last three years, with around 900,000—comprising both skilled and unskilled workers—leaving in just the year 2023. This trend shows no signs of abating, as a 2022 survey conducted by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics revealed that roughly 37% of Pakistanis express a desire to emigrate. The impact of this brain drain on the economy is significant, as evidenced by the soaring demand for U.S. visas, which reached record levels in September 2023.
The demographic profile of those leaving is notably skilled and educated, underscoring the severe implications for sectors requiring expertise. Currently, Pakistan struggles with a dearth of healthcare professionals, tallying just over one physician per 1,000 inhabitants. Additionally, industries such as technology and finance are among those hardest hit by this exodus; employers are increasingly frustrated by their inability to find suitable talent as the workforce diminishes.
The crux of the issue lies in the rising cost of living, with prices of essential goods having nearly doubled on average since 2022. For instance, the cost of milk in Karachi has reportedly surpassed that of Paris. This skyrocketing inflation illustrates why even relatively well-educated and financially stable individuals are increasingly finding it challenging to navigate the current economy. Furthermore, the outlook for skilled professionals seems grim, as the June budget imposed higher taxes on the majority of salaried individuals. This taxation increasingly targets high earners and previously favored sectors, such as exporters, in a bid to fulfill IMF-mandated revenue goals. These stringent fiscal measures are essential not only for stabilizing Pakistan’s ailing economy but also for establishing the robust infrastructure and social systems that characterize wealthier nations.
While the longer-term vision may indeed provide a compelling reason for the nation’s brightest minds to remain within its borders, the immediate consequences may only exacerbate the urge to leave. In an environment where a good job, despite years of diligent study, barely meets the requirements for daily survival—let alone facilitates the attainment of personal milestones such as homeownership, car purchases, or starting a family—the frustration is palpable. Faced with rising taxes and utility costs layered atop their struggles, many educated individuals feel cornered.
It’s essential to recognize that while no miraculous solutions will emerge overnight, it is imperative to formulate a strategic plan that provides young and talented Pakistanis with compelling reasons to stay. This plan, if implemented effectively, can ensure their long-term retention, which is just as critical for national progress as meeting fiscal demands. A viable path forward must include strategies that address the economic realities and aspirations of the youth, simultaneously allowing Pakistan to harness the potential of its skilled workforce for the country’s advancement. Without such measures, the cycle of emigration may only deepen, leaving an indelible mark on the nation’s future. But with a well-crafted strategic plan, there is hope for a brighter future for Pakistan.
