Tariq Mahmood Awan
The relationship between humans and nature is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon explored by disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, ecology, and religion. There is no single or definitive answer to the question of how humans relate to nature, as different perspectives may emphasize various aspects and implications of this relationship.
From a philosophical perspective, human nature can be seen as the essence or core of what it means to be human, which may or may not be influenced by the natural environment. Some philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, believed that human nature is fixed and universal and that humans have a rational and moral capacity that distinguishes them from other animals. Other philosophers, such as Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, argued that human nature is malleable and shaped by human life’s social and political conditions. Still, others, such as Hegel, Darwin, Marx, and Nietzsche, challenged the notion of a stable or innate human nature and proposed that humans constantly evolve and transform themselves through history, culture, and biology.
From a psychological perspective, human nature can be understood as the typical feelings and behaviours humans exhibit in response to their natural environment. Some psychologists, such as Freud and Jung, explored the unconscious and archetypal aspects of human nature that are influenced by the primal instincts and symbols of nature. Other psychologists, such as Maslow and Rogers, focused on the conscious and self-actualizing aspects of human nature that are motivated by the needs and values of humans as individuals. Yet other psychologists, such as Skinner and Bandura, emphasized the learning and social aspects of human nature that are determined by the rewards and punishments of the environment.
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From an ecological perspective, human nature is the interdependence and interaction between humans and the natural systems that sustain them. Some ecologists, such as Leopold and Carson, advocated for a conservationist and ethical approach to human nature that respects the balance and harmony of nature. Other ecologists, such as Hardin and Ehrlich, warned of a conflictual and unsustainable approach to human nature that exploits the resources and limits of nature. Still, other ecologists, such as Lovelock and Wilson, proposed a holistic and integrative approach to human nature that recognizes the complexity and diversity of nature.
From a religious perspective, human nature can be viewed as the reflection and expression of the divine or sacred in relation to nature. Some religions, such as Christianity and Islam, believe that human nature is created in the image of God and has a special dominion and responsibility over nature. Other religions, such as Hinduism and Buddhism, believe that human nature is part of the cycle of reincarnation and karma that connects all living beings in nature. Yet other religions, such as Taoism and Native American spirituality, believe that human nature is harmonious with the flow and spirit of nature.
Irrespective of different perspectives, man is both a product of nature and a producer of nature. On the one hand, man is a product of nature because he is biologically evolved from natural processes, genetically influenced by biological factors, ecologically dependent on natural resources, and spiritually inspired by natural phenomena. On the other hand, man is a producer of nature because he is culturally shaped by natural environments, socially constructed by natural interactions, technologically modified by natural innovations, and morally guided by natural values.
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Therefore, the relationship between humans and nature is not static or fixed but dynamic and variable. It depends on how man comprehends nature, how he acts upon nature for his purposes or interests, how he responds to the feedback or consequences of his actions on nature, and how he adapts to the changes or challenges that arise from his relationship with nature. The relationship between man and nature is inseparable; therefore, humans must live their lives loving nature with its manifestations.
Why should Humans be Nature Lover? Being a nature lover is a personal preference and a social responsibility, especially in modern times of advancement, technological revolution and artificial way of life. There are many reasons why being a nature lover is essential for our well-being, our society, and our planet. A nature lover can improve our mental and emotional health. Spending time in nature can reduce our stress, enhance our mood, improve our concentration and even boost our immune system. Nature can also inspire us with its beauty, diversity, and creativity and help us find meaning and purpose in life. Being a nature lover can also improve our physical health. Nature provides fresh air, clean water, nutritious food, and natural medicines vital for survival and well-being. Nature also offers us opportunities for exercise, recreation, and relaxation that can keep us fit and healthy.
Being a nature lover can foster our social relationships. Nature can bring us closer to others who share our love and appreciation for the natural world. Nature can also increase our trust, cooperation, and empathy with others as we realize we are all connected and interdependent on this planet. A nature lover can also protect our environment. Nature is the source of life on earth, but it is also threatened by human activities that cause pollution, deforestation, overexploitation, and climate change. Being a nature lover means being aware of these issues and taking action to conserve and restore nature for the benefit of ourselves and future generations.
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Therefore, being a nature lover is a matter of personal choice and global concern. By being nature lovers, we can enhance our quality of life and contribute to the well-being of others and the planet. Being a nature lover is not incompatible with modern times of advancement, technological revolution and artificial way of life; rather, it is a way of balancing and harmonizing these aspects with the natural world that sustains us. Being a nature lover is not only essential but also rewarding for the reasons it provides not only aesthetic perfection but also poetic justice to our entities.
