Hafeez Ahmed Khan
The process of decolonization has been of utmost importance for the modern democratic and independent world. It has played a pivotal role in dismantling colonial structures and granting sovereign independence to nations and peoples previously under colonial rule. By breaking free from colonial control, countries have been able to establish their own governance structures, determine their own futures, and assert their cultural identities. This has contributed significantly to the diversification and enrichment of the global community, fostering a more inclusive and representative international landscape.
Decolonization has also been instrumental in promoting democracy and self-determination. Independent nations are better positioned to shape their own political systems, enact laws that reflect the will of their people, and participate in global decision-making processes as equals. By giving voice and agency to previously colonized peoples, decolonization has advanced the principles of democracy, human rights, and equality on a global scale.
Moreover, the process of decolonization has contributed to the empowerment of marginalized and historically oppressed communities. By reclaiming their right to self-governance and self-determination, formerly colonized peoples have been able to address historical injustices, promote social and economic development, and work towards building more equitable societies. Decolonization has provided opportunities for communities to assert their cultural heritage, traditional knowledge, and languages, contributing to the preservation of diverse cultural identities and the enrichment of global cultural heritage.
In addition, decolonization has been essential for fostering international cooperation and solidarity. Independent nations are better able to engage in diplomatic relations, form alliances, and contribute to global initiatives aimed at addressing common challenges such as poverty, climate change, and conflict resolution. By embracing decolonization, the international community has moved towards a more inclusive and collaborative approach to addressing global issues, thereby strengthening the foundations of peace, security, and development.
Overall, decolonization has been fundamental in shaping a modern world that upholds the principles of democracy, self-determination, equality, and solidarity. By supporting the independence and sovereignty of nations and peoples, decolonization has contributed to a more diverse, inclusive, and equitable global community where all voices have the opportunity to be heard and respected.
When the United Nations was established in 1945, a staggering 750 million individuals, constituting nearly a third of the global population, were inhabitants of territories that were under the control of colonial powers. However, the landscape has evolved dramatically since then. Currently, less than 2 million people reside in the 17 remaining non-self-governing territories still under colonial rule. This significant shift can be attributed to the wave of decolonization, which was set in motion with the inception of the UN and stands as a testament to the organization’s inaugural and paramount triumph. This progress should inspire hope and optimism for a future free from colonial rule.
Since 1990, the United Nations has been a driving force in the process of decolonization. It has consecutively declared four international decades dedicated to eradicating colonialism, starting with the 30th anniversary of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. We are currently in the Fourth International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, spanning from 2021 to 2030.
This ongoing endeavour underscores the unwavering commitment of the global community to ensuring that all individuals have the opportunity to exercise their inherent right to self-determination. The UN’s steadfast dedication to this cause serves as a testament to its role in advancing worldwide peace, security, and development. As we navigate through the Fourth International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, it is imperative for the international community to continue collaborating to uphold the principles of sovereignty and independence for all nations and peoples. This shared commitment should foster a sense of unity and shared purpose among the audience.
The concept of Non-Self-Governing Territories, as defined in the UN Charter, refers to territories where the people have not yet achieved full self-government. In 1946, UN Member States identified and listed territories under their administration falling under this category. These territories were recognized as not being self-governing, and the administering Powers were entrusted with the obligation to promote the well-being and development of the inhabitants of these territories as a ‘sacred trust ‘.
Chapter XI of the UN Charter, known as the Declaration regarding Non-Self-Governing Territories, emphasizes that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are of paramount importance. Administering Powers are required to ensure the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the peoples in these territories, as well as assist them in achieving self-government and free political institutions. Additionally, administering Powers are obligated to regularly provide the Secretary-General with information regarding the economic, social, and educational conditions in the territories under their administration.
In a subsequent agreement, the UN General Assembly, through resolution 54/91 of 6 December 1999, urged administering Powers to take effective measures to safeguard and guarantee the inalienable rights of the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories to their natural resources, including land. It also called for the protection of the property rights of the peoples of those territories. Furthermore, all States, both directly and through their actions in specialized agencies and other UN organizations, were encouraged to provide moral and material assistance to the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories.
The history of Non-Self-Governing Territories dates back to 1946 when 72 territories were listed as non-self-governing by eight Member States. Over the years, many territories gained independence, with 54 territories achieving self-government from 1960 to 2002. At present, there are 17 Non-Self-Governing Territories that remain on the list. The UN General Assembly also requested the annual observance of the Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories.
