Arshad Mahmood Awan
In response to the increasing spread of disinformation, particularly in the aftermath of recent terrorist attacks and incidents of vandalism, the federal government of Pakistan has introduced a 10-member joint task force to combat the issue. Approved by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, the task force is tasked with identifying the individuals and groups responsible for the dissemination of fake news and providing recommendations for policy reforms. The initiative, which aims to tackle the growing menace of disinformation, is set to report its findings within 10 days. While the government’s intention to address the spread of false information is praiseworthy, the approach raises serious concerns regarding its effectiveness, the methods employed, and the broader implications for freedom of speech in Pakistan.
Disinformation is not a phenomenon unique to Pakistan; it is a global problem that has damaged public trust in governments, media, and institutions worldwide. Countries with mature legal frameworks typically tackle disinformation through civil legal systems that ensure transparency, accountability, and a commitment to protecting democratic values. However, Pakistan’s approach often resorts to heavy-handed, punitive measures such as the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) or the filing of questionable legal cases. This reliance on criminal law rather than civil remedies raises alarms about the government’s commitment to upholding democratic freedoms. While combating disinformation is necessary, it must be done through lawful, transparent, and democratic means.
The Pakistani government’s heavy reliance on criminal law to combat disinformation creates a chilling effect on freedom of expression. When the state resorts to punitive measures, such as the use of PECA, it risks stifling public debate and eroding trust between the state and its citizens. Disinformation is not solely about the content of fake news but also about the manner in which the state responds to it. Heavy-handed tactics not only suppress the spread of false information but also foster resentment and mistrust. Rather than ensuring the free flow of information, these tactics may end up limiting people’s access to diverse viewpoints and critical discourse.
The role of the media in this landscape is also crucial. Mainstream media outlets, despite their editorial oversight, are not immune to the spread of disinformation. In fact, some media organizations, as well as independent journalists, YouTubers, and established channels, have contributed to the propagation of malicious campaigns that put lives and reputations at risk. The government’s focus should not only be on addressing disinformation but also on holding media organizations accountable for their role in spreading falsehoods. Media bodies must enforce strict codes of conduct that prioritize ethical journalism and transparency. Effective penalties for those who misuse their platforms—such as fines, expulsion from press clubs, or even deplatforming—could serve as deterrents. However, these penalties must be applied consistently and without bias to prevent the misuse of power by those enforcing them.
One of the most problematic aspects of the government’s current approach is its tendency to resort to internet throttling and the banning of platforms as a means of controlling the spread of disinformation. While such measures may seem like a quick fix, they often do more harm than good. Restricting access to the internet and social media platforms not only hinders citizens’ ability to communicate, work, and access information but also fuels public frustration. These actions further erode the government’s credibility and undermine efforts to build trust with the public. Rather than addressing the root causes of disinformation, these restrictions serve as a temporary and counterproductive measure that only heightens the public’s sense of disenfranchisement.
In order to combat disinformation effectively, Pakistan must shift its focus from authoritarian tactics to strategies that prioritize transparency, trust-building, and the protection of citizens’ rights. One key aspect of this shift would involve promoting media literacy among the population, equipping individuals with the tools to critically assess the information they encounter. This would help people differentiate between credible sources and malicious propaganda, ultimately reducing the spread of false information. Additionally, fostering ethical journalism through the establishment of clear guidelines and accountability measures for media organizations would encourage more responsible reporting.
The government must also recognize the importance of bridging the gap between the state and its citizens. Disinformation thrives in an environment where people feel disconnected from their government and institutions. If citizens perceive the state as authoritarian or opaque, they are less likely to trust its actions and more likely to turn to alternative sources of information, including disinformation. Therefore, efforts to combat disinformation must go hand-in-hand with initiatives to foster transparency and build public confidence in governmental institutions.
Moreover, regulation of online content must not be equated with persecution. It is essential for the government to distinguish between legitimate efforts to control disinformation and actions that infringe on freedom of expression. The current trend of using heavy-handed legal measures to address the issue must be reversed in favor of a more balanced approach that upholds democratic values while still addressing the harm caused by false information. The state should recognize that regulations must be transparent and consistent, and they must be focused on promoting accountability rather than punishing dissent.
Pakistan must also be mindful of the broader global context when considering its response to disinformation. The country must learn from the experiences of other nations that have grappled with similar issues. Countries with strong legal frameworks and a commitment to upholding democratic freedoms have successfully combated disinformation without resorting to authoritarian tactics. In these countries, the focus has been on strengthening media literacy, encouraging ethical journalism, and providing citizens with the tools to navigate the complexities of the information age.
Pakistan’s current approach to disinformation is a reminder of the dangers of relying on authoritarian tactics to address complex societal issues. While the intention to combat disinformation is understandable, it is crucial that the government adopt a more thoughtful, transparent, and democratic approach. The state must prioritize strategies that respect citizens’ rights, foster trust, and encourage ethical journalism. Ultimately, a collaborative approach involving the government, media, and civil society is essential if Pakistan is to successfully combat disinformation while safeguarding democratic values.
In conclusion, the government’s formation of a task force to combat disinformation in Pakistan represents a necessary step, but its methods must be carefully reconsidered. The reliance on criminal law and authoritarian tactics risks undermining the very freedoms that the state is supposed to protect. Rather than curtailing freedoms, Pakistan should focus on promoting media literacy, encouraging ethical journalism, and fostering transparency and trust between the state and its citizens. Only by embracing these democratic values can Pakistan hope to address the threat of disinformation while safeguarding its democratic foundations.
