Haroon Assad
Pakistan occupies a unique and influential position in global geopolitics, serving as a pivotal player not only within the Muslim Ummah and the Western world but also in its strategic partnerships with global powers like China, Turkey, and Russia. As a nuclear-armed state and a key actor in regional security, Pakistan represents the aspirations of over 1.9 billion Muslims worldwide and stands at the crossroads of multiple global interests. However, while Pakistan has effectively utilized its relationships with these powers to bolster its stability, both the Muslim world and the West have displayed inconsistency in their efforts toward Pakistan’s long-term development. Additionally, the vital role of the Pakistani expatriate community, through their contributions in the form of remittances, investments, and diplomatic ties, remains indispensable in this complex web of global relationships.
Pakistan’s Historical and Ongoing Role in the Muslim Ummah
Historically, Pakistan has played a crucial role in the Muslim Ummah, with its creation as a homeland for Muslims and its founding principles deeply rooted in Islamic values cementing its position at the core of global Muslim solidarity. Pakistan’s steadfast stance on critical issues such as Palestine and Kashmir has positioned it as a strong advocate for Muslim rights on the global stage. Its principled refusal to recognize Israel as a state until a two-state solution is reached, despite the significant economic costs, resonates deeply across the Muslim world. Furthermore, Pakistan’s leadership in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has been pivotal in addressing key issues affecting Muslims worldwide, such as the establishment of the International Day to Combat Islamophobia.
Moreover, Pakistan has consistently provided military and humanitarian aid to several Muslim countries, solidifying its status as a key player within the Ummah. From dispatching troops to assist Saudi Arabia during the 1979 Holy Kaaba siege to offering refuge to Bosnian Muslims during the Yugoslav Wars, Pakistan has demonstrated unwavering support for Muslim nations in their times of need. Additionally, Pakistan’s nuclear status serves as a source of psychological security for the broader Muslim world, acting as a deterrent against external aggression amid geopolitical challenges faced by various Muslim nations.
Challenges in Long-Term Development Support from the Muslim World and the West
Despite its significant contributions, the Muslim Ummah has not consistently reciprocated in a manner that adequately supports Pakistan’s long-term stability. While countries like Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar have provided financial aid, it often lacks a cohesive, long-term development strategy, primarily manifesting as short-term financial bailouts. Similarly, the West has primarily viewed Pakistan’s strategic importance through the lens of global security interests, leading to conditional aid, particularly from institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF). While this aid has stabilized Pakistan during times of crisis, it has also imposed austerity measures that have exacerbated poverty and hindered economic growth.
China’s Transformative Role and Long-Term Vision
In contrast to short-term financial assistance, China’s engagement with Pakistan through the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is focused on creating sustainable economic growth. This flagship project of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been a game-changer for Pakistan’s economic landscape, with a focus on building critical infrastructure, energy projects, and special economic zones to revitalize the economy and address energy shortages. While concerns have been raised about Pakistan’s increasing debt burden to China, its partnership with China is viewed as crucial in achieving economic self-sufficiency and infrastructure development.
Strategic Alliances with Turkey and Russia
Pakistan has also cultivated enduring partnerships with Turkey and Russia. Turkey, sharing deep cultural, historical, and strategic ties with Pakistan, has been a consistent supporter of Pakistan’s position on Kashmir and has worked to enhance bilateral trade and defense cooperation. Russia, historically more aligned with India, has increasingly sought to build ties with Pakistan, particularly in the defense and energy sectors, indicating Pakistan’s growing importance in the emerging multipolar world order.
Critical Role of the Pakistani Expatriate Community
The Pakistani expatriate community, with over 8 million Pakistanis living abroad, plays a significant role through their contributions in the form of remittances, investments, and diplomatic influence. These contributions, exceeding $31 billion in remittances in 2022, serve as a vital lifeline to Pakistan’s foreign reserves. However, the potential for greater engagement of the Pakistani diaspora, particularly in terms of investments in technology, education, and healthcare, remains largely untapped.
The Way Forward: Balancing Geopolitical Needs and Long-Term Development Goals
In conclusion, Pakistan’s multifaceted role in global geopolitics and its partnerships with diverse spheres of influence highlight its growing importance in the world order. However, to ensure sustainable growth and stability, Pakistan must address the challenges in receiving long-term support from the Muslim world and the West, while also leveraging the potential of its expatriate community. Balancing immediate geopolitical needs with long-term development goals will be crucial in maintaining Pakistan’s pivotal position on the global stage.
